Study reveals: This is why batteries lose capacity

Researchers have discovered in a study why batteries lose capacity. The results could significantly change the development of batteries.

Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder recently investigated the mechanism that causes lithium-ion batteries to lose power over time. The findings could change the way batteries are designed and produce energy storage devices that last longer and are more efficient.

The results could be particularly crucial for electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage, as the researchers found that hydrogen molecules that build up in the battery impair the ability of lithium ions to bind. This means the battery can store and release less energy, reducing performance over time.

Why do batteries lose capacity?

This “self-discharge” occurs when chemical reactions within the battery reduce the stored energy. This explains why older devices such as smartphones or electric vehicles lose battery capacity more quickly over time. Understanding this mechanism is said to be key to developing more sustainable batteries that last longer and work more efficiently.

The discovery could have far-reaching consequences for battery technology – primarily for electric vehicles. One of the biggest challenges in developing EVs is the limited range and the comparatively short lifespan of the batteries. The researchers believe that the new findings will make it possible to develop batteries that offer a greater range and at the same time last longer.

Dependence on hazardous substances could decrease

Another advantage could be to reduce dependence on problematic materials such as cobalt, which is currently used in many batteries. Mining cobalt is not only expensive, but also associated with significant environmental and human rights problems. With the new findings, manufacturers could use alternative materials such as nickel or magnesium without compromising battery efficiency.

The researchers are now working on finding ways to prevent the self-discharge process. One possible solution is to coat the cathode of the battery with special materials. This should prevent hydrogen molecules from penetrating. In the long term, the research should help to improve the performance and lifespan of batteries and thus promote the use of renewable energies.

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